स्वास्थ्य

How To Prevent Kidney failure

भदौ १५, २०७३ बुधबार ११:२९:०

Kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from blood, which are then excreted in the urine. They also make hormones that keep our bones strong and our blood healthy. The gradual loss of these kidney functions is called a kidney failure. Acute kidney failure happens suddenly within hours to days, whereas chronic kidney failure happens gradually over a period of months to years. In both conditions, the kidneys shut down and can no longer filter wastes or excess water out of the blood. As a result, poisons start to build up in the blood and cause various complications that can affect various body systems.When the failure (also called as CKD – chronic kidney disease) reaches an advanced stage, the body starts accumulating harmful levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes.

In the early stages of chronic kidney disease, there may be few signs or symptoms. Chronic kidney disease may not become apparent until the kidney function is significantly impaired.

Causes of chronic kidney disease include:

Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli)
Interstitial nephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures
Polycystic kidney disease
Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers
Vesicoureteral reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys
Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis.

The symptoms includes

Soreness of waist and backache at early stage.
Red blood cells present in urine,A microscopic haematuria at early stage.
If disease develops into uremia,patients always have high blood pressure which also cannot be controlled easily.
Can have edema[puffy eyes, hands, and feet ] in early stage to lesser degree,such as eyelid and facial edema.
After aggravation of disease,patients will have serious edema on lower limbs and more seriously ,they could have systemic edema.

The condition of kidney is determined by doing blood panel readings of our BUN (blood urea nitrogen) [ 10-20 mg/dl
Higher indicates kidney problem]and creatinine levels[0.4-1.4mg/dl] and our eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) [Levels below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months are a sign of chronic kidney disease] numbers.

The treatment for renal failure is to delay the progression of the disease by treating the main cause of the failure. Antibiotics are used in case of bacterial infections as well as diuretic medication {or water pills} is taken to make the body excrete more water and salt. If the failure reaches the - end-stage kidney failure then the treatment for a patient is dialysis or a kidney transplant. Dialysis or transplantation treats end-stage kidney failure. In hemodialysis, blood is filtered through a tube that's inserted in the vein. The tube is connected to a machine that cleans the blood of wastes and the "clean blood" is returned to the body through another tube. In peritoneal dialysis, the space between the abdominal wall and organs is filled with a cleansing solution that absorbs toxins from the abdominal lining. The solution is then drained out into a bag. This procedure is done at home one to four times a day, seven days a week or overnight using a cycling machine. The government of Nepal is sponsoring fully in any type of dialysis for all nepali patient.

In kidney transplantation, diseased kidneys are replaced with a healthy one. The greatest danger is that the body might reject the transplant. To prevent this, transplant recipients are given powerful medications to suppress the immune system; these have the potential drawback of making one more susceptible to other infections and to some types of cancer too.

What should patient do ?

Should limit the intake of salt reasonably.If patient have high Blood pressure,they should take low salt diet and 2 grams will be good.
Shouldnot eat pickled food,because nitrate which is harmful to kidneys is also very high in pickled food except for salt.
Limit the intake of protein appropriately. In order to reduce the burden of kidney,protein intake must be suitable to the discharge capacity of kidneys.
Eat fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins such as lemons,spinach etc but out-of-season fruit may contain hormone which is harmful to patient.
Patients with severe edema and less urine should reduce their intake to water appropriately.

Because kidney diseases can be symptom-free, we may not notice anything wrong before we’ve suffered irreparable damage.

To prevent getting in that situation, I advise to:

Drink enough water: drink one-half ounce of water for every pound you weight
Take daily probiotics: Probiotics (good bacteria)like yoghurt help our kidneys process waste materials and contribute to overall digestive health.
Lower our phosphorous intake: we only need 800 mg to 1,200 mg of phosphorus each day; higher amounts phosphorus accumulates in the body, causing potentially serious conditions, such as bone and heart disorders, as well as calcification (hardening) of tissues.
Drink green juice: Green foods aid in detoxification, a greens supplement is a good alternative
Eat kidney-supportive foods like Watermelon, Cranberries, Blueberries, Strawberries, Apples, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Peppers, Garlic, Onions, Olive oil, etc
Lose weight
Avoid pain relievers, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin), naproxen (Aleve), and acetaminophen (Tylenol). Products like these are very hard on the kidneys
Take a bath in Epsom salts: Removing waste and toxins gives our kidneys a boost while improving our overall health.Control your blood: High blood pressure and diabetes are two big threats to our kidney function. Controlling our blood sugar and blood pressure are your best bets for maintaining normal kidney function.
Stop smoking or other uses of tobacco. The toxins damage our kidneys.